Vocational Training in Germany; Skill Mastering made Easy 1

Dual vocational training, or ‘duale Ausbildung,’ is Germany’s most favored post-secondary education path. This system captures the attention of half the country’s school leavers by blending classroom learning with practical, hands-on experience in a company. The term ‘dual’ perfectly encapsulates this mix of theoretical instruction and real-world application.

Notably inclusive, the system sees one-third of its trainees as young women. Employers are equally enthusiastic, with one-third of German companies participating. They see dual vocational training as an effective way to cultivate specialized employees tailored to their unique needs.

The popularity of dual vocational training in Germany stems from its immersive, practical approach to learning. Trainees typically divide their week, spending two days in vocational school and three days at their employing company. This setup allows them to instantly apply classroom knowledge to practical tasks. Beyond mastering their trade, trainees gain a deep understanding of their company’s operations and culture, making them ideal candidates for full-time positions. Companies highly value this specific job knowledge and familiarity, often extending well-paid job offers to trainees upon completing their program.

Recognizing the upcoming retirement wave of the baby boomer generation, Germany is actively seeking skilled foreign workers to fill the gap. The Skilled Immigration Act, introduced in March 2020, has simplified the process for non-EU/EFTA citizens to enter the German job market, particularly those who have completed vocational training in Germany. The German government is promoting these training programs abroad, encouraging young people worldwide to come to Germany. Successful trainees gain unrestricted access to the German labor market in their qualified fields.

To attract even more foreign talent, including trainees, Germany is reforming its immigration laws. Changes include raising the age limit for apprenticeship visas to 35, lowering the minimum German proficiency requirement to B1, and allowing foreign trainees to work 20 hours a week in a second job. For more information on these updates, refer to the new Skilled Immigration Act.

Vocational Training within the German Education System

Vocational training is a cornerstone of post-secondary education in Germany, with two-thirds of school leavers pursuing this path. Initially designed to supply blue-collar workers, vocational schools now offer training across various professions and sectors. German students begin primary school at age six and move to secondary school after the fourth grade, choosing between types like ‘Hauptschule,’ ‘Realschule,’ ‘Gymnasium,’ or ‘Gesamtschule.’

Types of Vocational Training in Germany

Germany offers two main vocational training schemes: in-company (dual) vocational training and school-based vocational training. Dual vocational training, the more popular option, combines school learning with on-the-job training over 2-3.5 years. School-based vocational training, while less practical and less relevant for non-EU/EFTA foreigners, is also available.

Dual Vocational Training versus Dual Studies

While dual vocational training in Germany focuses on practical skills, dual studies combine vocational training with an academic degree. Both paths offer hands-on learning and pay, making them attractive to foreign applicants aiming to enter the German labor market.

Vocational Occupations

Germany recognizes about 350 vocational occupations requiring formal training, ranging from nursing and IT to skilled trades. These roles often go unfilled, presenting opportunities for non-EU/EFTA applicants due to relaxed visa requirements.

Advantages of Dual Vocational Training

The practical focus of dual vocational training in Germany ensures that trainees are well-prepared for their roles, making them highly sought after by employers. The German government promotes these programs internationally to attract young people, offering free training and paid internships. Trainees receive recognized certificates, often leading to permanent job offers and career growth opportunities.

Comparative Wages for Trainees and Fulltime Employees in Various Professions

Dual vocational training in Germany provides a diverse range of opportunities across many professions. Below is a detailed comparison of the monthly wages for trainees and full-time employees in various fields. This can give prospective trainees an idea of what to expect financially both during and after their training period.

Profession	Trainee’s Monthly Wage (Euros)	Full-time Employee’s Wage (Euros)
Barber	580 – 790	2,080
Bricklayer	870 – 1,370	3,320
Butcher	750 – 1,010	2,410
Caregiver	1,170 – 1,330	3,810
Carpenter	870 – 1,370	3,280
Concretor	870 – 1,370	3,080
Construction Equipment Operator	870 – 1,370	3,530
Construction Mechanic	890 – 1,090	3,150
Cook	850 – 1,120	2,310
Dental Assistant	840 – 940	2,290
Dental Technician	650 – 850	2,740
Drywall Fitter	870 – 1,370	2,750
Electrical Fitter	1,010 – 1,150	4,140
Electronics Technician	780 – 1,010	3,900
Facade Fitter	870 – 1,370	2,820
Gardener	640 – 780	2,540
Hospitality Management Specialist	850 – 980	2,100
Hotel Specialist	850 – 1,120	2,250
Industrial Electrician	1,010 – 1,070	3,860
IT Specialist	890 – 1,040	4,150
Joiner	650 – 880	2,880
Mechatronics Engineer	890 – 1,080	3,410
Medical Assistant	900 – 1,040	2,660
Optician	620 – 820	2,500
Painter Decorator	710 – 950	2,890
Plasterer	870 – 1,370	3,020
Precast Concrete Laborer	870 – 1,400	3,450
Precision Machine Tool Mechanic	770 – 970	3,850
Production Mechanic	1,010 – 1,150	3,340
Professional Driver	850 – 960	2,650
Railwayman	1,020 – 1,160	3,220
Road Builder	870 – 1,370	3,560
Roofer	780 – 1,110	3,210
Screed Installer	870 – 1,370	3,020
Shop Assistant	790 – 1,010	2,150
Skilled Farmworker	700 – 820	2,330
Specialist for Warehouse Logistics	890 – 1,020	2,870
Stockman	1,040 – 1,140	2,540
Stonemason	850 – 1,100	2,930
Tiler/Paver	870 – 1,370	3,150
Vehicle Mechanic	930 – 1,120	3,130
Vehicle Mechatronics Technician	930 – 1,120	3,530
Warehouse Operator	890 – 950	2,870

This table highlights the financial benefits of pursuing dual vocational training in Germany. Not only do trainees earn a wage during their training, but they also have the potential to transition into well-paying full-time positions upon completing their program. This structured pathway ensures that trainees gain both the theoretical knowledge and practical skills required to excel in their chosen professions.

Duration of Dual Vocational Training in Germany

In Germany, dual vocational training programs generally span between 2 and 3.5 years. For those interested in shorter courses, options under school-based vocational training are available, typically offering programs that last less than two years.

Cost of Training for a Vocation in Germany

One of the most appealing aspects of the dual vocational training system in Germany is its affordability. There are no tuition fees, regardless of whether you are a local or an international trainee. The primary cost you will encounter is the cost of living, with rent being the most significant component. On average, a foreign student in Germany spends around 934 euros per month on living expenses (as of 2023). However, trainees in dual vocational programs often spend about 30 euros less each month due to various allowances. Some companies even offer subsidized accommodation or help cover commuting costs, making the financial burden lighter for trainees.

Financing Your Dual Vocational Training

Living expenses are the main financial consideration for those in dual vocational training. Typically, the combination of salary and allowances provided to trainees is sufficient to cover these costs. For those who find that their trainee salary does not fully cover their living expenses, there is an option to take on a part-time job. As of March 2024, trainees from non-EU/EFTA countries can work up to 20 hours per week in a job unrelated to their training. Additionally, trainees may apply for a vocational training subsidy, known as ‘Berufsausbildungsbeihilfe,’ from the Federal Employment Agency to further support their financial needs.

Finding the Right Dual Vocational Training Program

When searching for a dual vocational training program in Germany, there are several resources and methods you can utilize:

Job Portals: Various job portals list trainee positions across different companies and industries.
Company Websites: Directly checking the websites of companies you’re interested in can also yield valuable opportunities.
Career Fairs: For those residing in Germany, career fairs, particularly vocational training fairs (Ausbildungsmessen), are excellent venues to explore available programs and network with potential employers.

Some notable online resources to start your search include:

The Federal Employment Agency’s apprenticeship search
Lehrstellen Radar for skilled crafts vocational programs
Azubiyo Ausbildungsangebote for educational and career opportunities

Admission Requirements for Dual Vocational Training in Germany

To be eligible for a dual vocational training program in Germany, you must meet a few essential criteria:

Language Proficiency: Typically, a German language proficiency of at least B1 level (according to the CEFR) is required, although some fields like nursing and sales may require B2.
Educational Qualifications: There is no uniform standard, but generally, a school-leaving certificate equivalent to Germany’s Hauptschulabschluss (after 9th grade) or Realschulabschluss (after 10th grade) is sufficient.
Age and Other Criteria: Trainees are usually between 16 and 25 years old. Applicants should have a clean criminal record and, ideally, good grades in subjects related to their chosen vocational program.

Age Limit for Dual Vocational Training in Germany

While there is no official upper age limit for dual vocational training programs, most trainees are between the ages of 16 and 25. However, it is not uncommon to find trainees over 30, especially in fields such as nursing. For visa purposes, those applying for an apprenticeship visa generally need to be under 30.

Applying for Dual Vocational Training in Germany

To improve your chances of acceptance, consider applying to multiple programs within the same school year, but avoid applying to more than one program at the same company or school. Applications are typically submitted in early spring and should include:

A cover letter
A curriculum vitae (CV)
Translated and notarized copies of your school-leaving certificate
Proof of German language proficiency

After an initial review, successful candidates will be invited to an online interview. Websites like Planet Beruf offer valuable tips on crafting effective cover letters and CVs, as well as preparing for interviews.

Obtaining a Visa for Germany

Once accepted into a dual vocational training program, you will need to arrange a visa if you are from a non-EU/EFTA country. This involves signing a trainee contract with your employing company and applying for a vocational training visa at the nearest German embassy or consulate. Requirements generally include:

A copy of your trainee contract
Proof of German language proficiency (B1 level or higher)
Proof of funds to cover your stay in Germany (approximately 903 euros per month as of 2023)

From March 2024, the Federal Employment Agency’s ‘Vorrangprüfung’ (priority check) will no longer be necessary, simplifying the visa application process.

For those preferring to secure an apprenticeship while already in Germany, a six-month traineeship-seeking visa is available. This visa allows you to search for trainee positions, attend interviews, and even take a test internship while working up to ten hours a week. This period can also be used to enhance your German language skills.

Requirements for a Traineeship Seeking Visa

To embark on your journey to Germany with a traineeship seeking visa, you’ll need to ensure you meet the following criteria:

Age Limit: Currently, applicants must be under 25 years old. However, from March 2024, the age limit will increase to 35 years.
Motivation Letter: A compelling motivation letter is crucial. It should outline your reasons for seeking a traineeship in Germany and how it aligns with your career aspirations.
Educational Qualifications: You need a school-leaving certificate from a German school abroad or an equivalent certificate from a foreign secondary school that qualifies you for higher education. Interestingly, you are expected to be slightly overqualified to apply for this visa, highlighting the high standards of the German vocational training system.
German Language Proficiency: Proficiency in the German language is essential. Currently, you need a B2 level according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Starting in March 2024, the requirement will be lowered to B1.
Financial Proof: You must demonstrate that you have sufficient financial resources to support your stay in Germany. As of 2023, this amount is 903 euros per month.
Travel Health Insurance: Adequate travel health insurance coverage for your stay in Germany is mandatory.
Accommodation Proof: You need to provide evidence of accommodation arrangements in Germany.